China’s Spying Eyes, Russia’s Missing Eyes, and Iran’s Precise Missile Strikes

Report that Russia is providing ISR to Iran is poppycock. China is Iran’s trusted partner. China has 9-10x satellite fleet of Russia. Tehran knows Kremlin is untrustworthy and could turn off the switch in the middle of a war. A roundup of my essays on Iran-China cooperation in space-based intelligence technologies

China’s New Intelligence Satellites Over Mideast: Iran Benefits from China’s “Eyes and Ears”

In 4Q25, PLA parked two “Signals Intelligence” (SIGINT) satellites over Mideast to harvest electronic emissions. MizarVision images that caused an internet stir are from China’s Jilin-1 imaging satellites and released by Beijing to message US and Israel that China is watching, and therefore, Iran is watching every move they make.

Russia-Ukraine War: Russia’s Intelligence Gap in Space

Elon Musk’s shutdown of Starlink prompted me to as ask, “why are Russian soldiers using Starlink? Don’t they have satellite-based comms?” Yes and no. Russia has systems for “Command, Control, and Communications (C3), but no satellite-based network comparable to USA’s and China’s prolific and multifaceted networks used for C3 and ISR.

Iran’s Access to China’s Satellite Network for Naval ELINT

Iran has access to China wide-ranging satellite network. The network delivers all-weather, day and night imaging (stills and video), SIGINT, and real-time updates on locations of aircraft and vessels. Real-time ELINT is indispensable for successful strikes.